Upper Extremity Prosthetics

The main objectives in upper extremity prosthetics are to meet vocational, recreational and general lifestyle needs of each amputee and to achieve an aesthetically pleasing outcome. This makes prosthetic management for upper extremity amputees a highly individualized process.

Like in lower extremity prosthetics, the advancements and improvements regarding upper extremity prosthetics over the last couple of decades have been significant. Application of computer aided technology has greatly improved function and appearance.

There are several different types of prostheses for upper extremities:

BODY POWERED PROSTHESES (Conventional)

Body powered prostheses are the most common type of upper limb prostheses. It allows the prosthetic user to control the terminal device (usually a hook or a hand) via a harness system that fits around the chest and shoulder. This type of prosthesis is very reliable and can be used in environments involving dust and water.

EXTERNALLY POWERED PROSTHESES (Myo-electric)

Externally powered prostheses use a battery powered electric motor to control the terminal device, eliminating the need of a harness system. Sensors, embedded in the socket, pick up an EMG signal on the skin and transferred it to a processor which controls the functions of the motor. Intensive training is essential to ensure a successful outcome.

HYBRID SYSTEMS

Hybrid systems are a combination of externally and body powered prostheses. This type can be used for Transhumeral (above-elbow) amputees, providing functional restoration of elbow and hand. Usually, the elbow joint is controlled via a harness system and the terminal device is controlled through an external power source, for example myo-electrically.

COSMETIC PROSTHESES

This type of prosthesis is purely cosmetic and does not provide functional restoration. A cosmetic glove is applied to match individual skin colour.